Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Essay Example for Free

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Essay Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is a personality disorder which is characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency (Taber, 1968). This pattern begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts. Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder attempt to maintain a sense of control through painstaking attention to rules, trivial details, procedures, lists, schedules, or form to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost (Criterion 1). OCPD and OCD are often confused as they are thought of as being similar. There is, however, a great difference between the two conditions. A person with OCD experience tremendous anxiety related to specific preoccupations, which are perceived as threatening. Within the condition OCPD it is one’s dysfunctional philosophy which produces anxiety, anguish and frustration (Phillipson). History of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: Back in the early 1900s, Freud observed and treated patients with OCPD. From his findings, he noted, â€Å"persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are characterized by the three ‘peculiarities’ of orderliness [which include cleanliness and conscientiousness], parsimony, and obstinacy. † He also called it, â€Å"a neurosis connected with difficulties at the anal phase in psychosexual development,† and made a distinction between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), which he referred to as a â€Å"symptomatic neurosis† and OCPD, which he referred to as a â€Å"character neurosis† (Skodol Gunderson, 2009). In 1918, Ernest Jones went on to describe someone afflicted with OCPD as being overly concerned with money, cleanliness, and time. The observations from these men were important at the time, because not much was known about this disorder. Literature begot the term â€Å"anal character†, combining the character (personality) neurosis (anxiety), and according to Freud, OCPD begins development in the anal phase of development (Skodal Gunderson, 2009). Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder tends to occur in families, so genes may be involved. A person’s childhood and environment may also play roles. As with all personality disorders, the person must be at least 18 years old before they can be diagnosed. OCPD is approximately twice as prevalent in males then females, and occurs in about 1 percent of the general population. It is seen in 3 to 10 percent of psychiatric outpatients. Like most personality disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder typically will decrease in intensity with age, with many people experiencing few of the most extreme symptoms by the time they are in the 40s or 50s. Their ability to work with others is equally affected, since they have symptoms perfectionism. This perfectionism may interfere with the person’s ability to complete tasks, because their standards are so rigid. People with this disorder may emotionally withdraw when they are not able to control a situation. This can interfere with their ability to solve problems and form close relationships. Personality disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder are typically diagnosed by a trained mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. Psychological test that may help diagnose this condition include: †¢The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Disorders (SCID II) †¢The Schedule for Non-Adaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) Treatment options for Obsessive-Compulsion Personality Disorder include medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Prozac) may help reduce some of the anxiety and depression from this disorder. However, talk therapy (psychotherapy) is thought to be the most effective treatment for this condition. †¢Psychodynamic psychotherapy helps patients understand their thoughts and feelings. †¢Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can also help. In some cases, medications combined with talk therapy may be the more effective than either treatment alone. Hospitalization is rarely needed for people with this disorder, unless an extreme or severe stressor or stressful life event occurs which increases the compulsive behaviors to an extent where regular daily activities are halted or present possible risks of harm to the patient. Many support groups exist within communities throughout the world which are devoted to helping individuals with this disorder share their common experiences and feelings. Such support groups are recommended to individuals suffering from this disorder, especially if they found therapy unhelpful or too expensive. Many people with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder don’t seek treatment. People with personality disorders, in general, do not often seek out treatment until the disorder starts to significantly interfere or otherwise impact a person’s life. I think that the outlook for people with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder tends to be better than that for other personality disorders. The four major complications for OCPD are: anxiety, depression, difficulty moving forward in career situations and difficulties in relationships. I strongly believe that being informed about this condition’s manifestations, people can better seek appropriate treatment.

What Is One Worth? Essay -- Philosophy

What Is One Worth? In the depths of an individual’s being, lies his or her self-worth. Self-worth molds individuals into who they are, what they want to become. Self-worth lies at the heart of self-esteem. Self-esteem is, Palladino (1994) a blend of â€Å"self-confidence, self-worth, and self-respect. It involves respecting others, [along with] feeling a sense of harmony and peace within yourself† (sec.1p.1). The secret to higher self-esteem is the incentive to take accountability for one’s viewpoints, such as his or her aspirations, ethics, capabilities, and curiosities and to understand that these things combined is what makes them who they are (Palladino, 1994). However, the quest of higher self-esteem at times will cause sacrifices to be made by the individual to education, relationships, self-regulation, mental and physical health, as well as other concerns (Crocker & Knight, 2005). Palladino, (1994) noted that â€Å"self-esteem reflects [who each individual is] to everyone with whom [they] come into contact with (sec.1p.1). Self-esteem does not remain the same throughout an individual’s lifetime. There are many circumstances that come and go that causes self-esteem to also change. As stated by Palladino, (1994) â€Å"self-esteem is both conscious and unconscious. It is an ongoing assessment of who someone is; a belief about what they can and cannot do† (sec.1p. 1). For example, when a person buys a house, self-esteem will be high. If a person loses his or her house due to foreclosure, self-esteem can be low. Carl Rogers, one of the most influential psychologists in the 20th century, stated that [self-worth can be viewed as a gauge from high to low. There are times in one’s life where they are capable of handling the ba... ... life. However, each individual if they choose to do so can take charge over his or her life, and he or she can create better alternatives for themselves. References Crocker, Jennifer & Knight, Katherine M. (2005). Contingencies of Self Worth. Current Directions in Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell). Vol. 14 (Issue 4), pages 4, 200-203. McLeod, S.A. (2007). Simply Psychology; Carl Rogers. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html Palladino, Connie D. (1994). Developing Self Esteem: A Guide for Positive Success. Menlo Park, California: Crisp Publications. Vohs, Kathleen D (Editor); Finkel, Eli J. (2006). Self and Relationships: Connecting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes. New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press. Retrieved from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/Doc?id=10172290&ppg=48

Fast Food Transforming American Society Essay

Fast food has grown to be a big part of American Society. According to Eric Schlosser, â€Å"Over the past few decades, fast food has infiltrated every nook and cranny of American Society† (3). In a sense, his statement about fast food is not too exaggerated. Today, we see fast food all over America, whether it is through television advertisements, billboards, and magazines. America has grown to be the number one fast food country in the world. The increase of fast food has resulted in good business for the fast food industry: â€Å"In 2000 Americans spent about $110 billion on fast food compared to $6 billion in 1970† (Schlosser). Why are Americans spending huge amounts of money on fast food? How has the fast food industry grown to become a huge influence on American society? Seyhan Sipahi states, â€Å"Recent global economical crisis†¦had a crippling effect on almost all financial sectors in many countries. Surprisingly, the fast food industry had not be adversely affected†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What is keeping the fast food industry alive? Could it be that more families are turning to fast food because recent economic crisis? The fast food industry has grown to be more efficient than when it first started. Making food selling more convenient, fast and for a cheap price has attracted customers. There are multiple ways the fast food industry has transformed American society and what it is to live in America. In this generation, more mothers are in the workforce than there were in the past. Since â€Å"Women’s labor force participation is significantly higher today than it was in the 1970s, particularly among women with children† (Labor Force Participation of Women and Mothers, 2008, The Editor’s Desk) ever since then the rate has been going up. Now that both parents are away from home working it makes it harder for them to make home cooked meals. Due to the lack of home cooked meals, many Americans families have turned to fast food. According to Schlosser, â€Å"three generations ago more money was being spent on food in the United States to make meals at home† (3). Fast food has taken over the diet of many American families. It is more convenient to buy something that is near by, prepared fast, and is reasonably priced for its proportion. Another reason why people choose fast food is because frankly it is delicious. Nothing that is made at home can compare to something made at a fast food restaurant. It is hard to get sick of fast food because there are so many restaurants to choose from that each have their own tastes in foods. The largest class in America is the middle class. Since middle class makes up the majority of the American population it is reasonable to say these families with lower income tend to buy fast food more often. Fast food restaurants have grown to be more efficient in the way that they produce their meals. On â€Å"Dec. 12, 1948, when Richard and Maurice transformed their barbecue joint into the first McDonalds restaurant, focusing on speed, value and high volume. † (Hill). This helped build a kind of assembly line of workers, each worker in charge of one job. For example, in order to make a hamburger, one would be in charge of getting the buns, another in charge of putting the patty, another in charge of putting the lettuce and tomato, and on. In doing this, production of the food becomes much faster. Food being frozen before preparing it is another way that fast food restaurants have grown more efficiently. Schlosser gives an example with guacamole that is made in Mexico, frozen, and shipped to the restaurant (40). Many fast food restaurants do this with the products they serve, although their advertisements may say fresh. Drive-throughs and computerized cash registers have also helped fast food restaurants speed up time for their consumers. An example of how drive throughs are so successful is Victoria’s experience: There’s just one place that Victoria Vollaire stops every day. It’s not the supermarket. It’s not the ATM. It’s the drive-thru. This costs her $400 a month right out the drive-thru window. â€Å"I don’t like getting out of the car,† explains Vollaire, who lives in Ontario, Calif. , and works as a hotel guest service aide. More than half the money spent on fast food rolls in through the drive-thru lane. (Horovitz) Drive-throughs give restaurants the ability to take multiple orders and give convenience for customers that are in a hurry. People like the conscience of not even having to get out of there cars to get their food. Computerized cash registers with buttons for every order possible help to make orders quick and precise. These days it is not surprising to see a fast food restaurant almost at every corner in America. A study was made on how fast food restaurants cluster around schools in America. Steven Gortmaker, in charge of this study, states, â€Å"78% of schools had at least one fast food restaurant within 800 meters. Fast food restaurants tend to cluster near schools and offices because it is more convenient, with the idea to gain more business. Many fast food restaurants are close to places where children and adolescent are close by. They do this because these two age groups are the most targeted by the fast food industry (Fast Food Targeted Marketing). Another study, on a high school that sold fast food products concludes that fast food is 70% of all food sold at the school (Calderon. ) As the expansion of fast food companies continues to increase, more restaurants are seen closer together. Before, companies use to stay away from competition, but now they are clustered all over the place. It seems as though fast food restaurant expansion has forced them to cluster even to the extent of having fast food shopping centers. Fast food has greatly transformed popular culture in America. By looking at McDonalds as an example, McDonalds has far surpassed any other fast food chain in America and possibly the world. McDonalds has grown very close to many children: â€Å"A survey for American schoolchildren found that 96 percent could identify Ronald McDonald† (Schlosser). What makes fast food so popular in America? Many people appraise fast food industries for their products because they are delicious and affordable. Did affordability of fast food make it so popular? Fast food transforms popular culture in America mainly through advertising. Whether it is on television, sponsoring professional athletes, or even promoting events like the Olympics or the World Cup. It is said that â€Å"In 2009, teens saw 5 fast food ads each day† (Fast Food Targeted Marketing). The majority of the commercial on TV are based on fast food companies. Fast food has become a trend in American society, eating it is in the norms of society today. Fast food advertisement has a monkey, see monkey do effect on people. If people see famous celebrities on TV eating or promoting the fast food company, it encourages them to go. The constant selling of fast food causes higher demands in agricultural resources. According to Schlosser, â€Å"The fast food chains now stand atop a huge food-industrial complex, taking control of American Agriculture† (59). It is getting harder for farmers outside of this â€Å"food industrial complex† to find business. Many times farmers and cattle ranchers become hired hands for the agribusiness giants† (Schlosser). Although the giant agriculture business may seem powerful, it is still on the bottom of the fast food companies because they are what make their business. â€Å"The fast-food industry changed the nation’s retail economy, eliminating small businesses, encouraging the spread of chains and uniformity, fast food has transformed American agriculture† (Schlosser). Apart from agriculture fast food, companies have also influenced how cattle should be raised, killed, and made into ground beef. The influence of the fast food companies on slaughterhouses has made the work environment a dangerous place. These slaughterhouses sound dangerous for the workers as well as for those consuming the meat. Meatpacking as grown to be one of the most dangerous jobs in America (Gardner). There is a lot of equipment that is dangerous and can cause severe injuries to workers. According to Gardner, â€Å"at least 29. 3% of meat workers suffered injury or illness compared to 9. 7% for the rest of manufacturing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Working Conditions in American Slaughterhouses: Worse than You Thought). Carl Karcher started his fast food business by buying one hot dog cart and then from there he bought another three hot dog carts in Los Angeles. Not too much time past before Karcher had some competition. Recently moved from New Hampshire, the McDonald brothers came to California to find jobs. They opened up a hamburger shop and became famous for their delicious hamburgers. The brothers strived in coming up with new ways to make more money until finally one day they closed down their shop. A few months later the McDonald brothers reopened their shop, with a bigger grill, and a whole new process to make hamburgers. They would divide the food preparations into tasks. This is what started the whole assembly line style to preparing fast food and has been implemented by many fast food restaurants ever since. Two groups that fast food companies look to for hiring are teenagers and illegal immigrants. Having these two types of groups as a workforce allows fast food companies to spend less money on hired hands and more on advertising and expanding (Schlosser. ) Having workers that are not looking for a long-term job lets fast food companies have fewer benefits for their workers. The wages for fast food employees is far too little in ratio to the work that is expected. Fast food companies hire teenagers because they can survive with low pay and most are dependent on their parents. The statistics from the ages, 16-20, alone makes up 25% of the fast food workforce (Food Services and Drinking Places). Immigrants, on the other hand, cannot complain if they get paid so little because they are illegal and will work under most circumstances. The expansion of fast food companies has created many jobs over the years. Out of all food services and drinking places, fast food companies make up 47% (Food Services and Drinking Places). In the past few decades, food-related illness has increased (Schlosser). The way food is processed has affected its quality. Many of the livestock used to produce that typical hamburger patty are mistreated. The most common sickness that the livestock catch is E Coli. In December 2006 â€Å"71 people became sick with E. coli after eating at Taco Bell restaurants in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware† (O’Shea). It is hard to know for sure what is in fast food because most of the time this side of the story is covered up. Aside from meats getting pathogens, artificial flavoring is another key aspect of many fast food products. Many fast food companies injected their products with artificial flavoring. McDonalds for example â€Å"infuses its fries and chicken sandwiches with essences that mimic beef tallow† (Tamminen). Does the food taste that bad that places like McDonalds has turn to artificial flavoring? Can the chemicals being put in fast food be harmful to humans? Although there maybe some companies using artificial flavors, there many other companies that live up to natural flavors. What is the future of fast food industry in America? Will the fast food industry just keep growing until one day it not only becomes a big part of American life but also other places around the world? Fast food companies are expanding at an increasing rate causing high demands for more food. At this rate, could it be possible that someday the fast food industry will control all of the food distribution in America? They practically do already because they are the greatest contributors in meats, corn, potatoes and more. What will be the future for fast food in America? At its grown rate, the fast food industry seems to be taking over many Americans highways. Having many fast food chains by highways makes it all most impossible to not run into a fast food restaurant. Will the constant expansion of fast food restaurants bring down the big grocery stores and replace them? America has grown accustom to convenience when it comes to food. What do other countries think when they see America? Should America be proud because it is the number one fast food country in the world? It is hard to say where fast food will take America in the future, but one thing is certain: fast food and America can never be separated.

Essay about Blindsight and Qualities of Visual Perception

Blindsight and Qualities of Visual Perception ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to defend a broad concept of visual perception, according to which it is a sufficient condition for visual perception that subjects receive visual information in a way which enables them to give reliably correct answers about the objects presented to them. According to this view, blindsight, non-epistemic seeing, and conscious visual experience count as proper types of visual perception. This leads to two consequences concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities of visual experiences. First, phenomenal qualities are not necessary in order to see something, because in the case of blindsight, subjects can see objects without experiences phenomenal†¦show more content†¦Concerning the role of the phenomenal qualities for seeing particularly the following two questions are of importance: (1) The first question is dealing with the causal or functional role of phenomenal qualities: Under the assumption that seeing is based on cortical information-processing, the question arises, whether the phenomenal qualities of visual perceptions have a function with regard to this processing, in the sense that the intentional content of visual perceptions depends not only on their intentional, but also on their phenomenal qualities. Is it true, as among other authors Frank Jackson and Steven Pinker claim, that phenomenal qualities are only epiphenomena, not having any function for information-processing? (1) (2) The second question concerns the status of phenomenal qualities: Are the phenomenal qualities of visual perceptions non-intentional qualities, or do they belong to a certain type of intentional qualities? In other words, are phenomenal and intentional contents essentially different, or are the so-called phenomenal contents of visual perceptions really part of their intentional contents? In order to come to a decision concerning these two questions, several authors, among them Peter Carruthers, Daniel Dennett, Colin McGinn, Nicholas Humphrey and Robert VanGulick, refer to an empirical phenomenon called blindsight. (2)Show MoreRelatedExploring The Possibilities Of Discovering The Neural Correlates Of Visual Consciousness2010 Words   |  9 PagesExploring the possibilities of discovering the neural correlates of visual consciousness In the ongoing strive to better understand the mechanism of consciousness, the possibility of discovering the neural correlates of consciousness (NCCs) is arguably the leading agenda in its scientific research. Although the question of whether consciousness can be fully reduced to its neural correlates remains debatable, it is still credible that whenever an appropriate brain process occurs, the associated subjectiveRead MoreWhat Are the Difficulties Encountered by Psychologists in Studying Consciousness? to What Extent Have Theory and Research in Cognitive Psychology Helped Overcome These Difficulties?2927 Words   |  12 Pages It is an inclusive term for a number of central aspects of our existence; the state of being awake and aware of ourselves in our environment as opposed to being asleep; being aware of particular sensations or mental events or being aware of the quality of our experiences; and also, self-consciousness, our awareness and monitoring of what we are doing and th inking (Andrade, 2010). Pinker (1997) summarises these aspects in three: sentience or Block’s (1995, as cited in Andrade, 2010) phenomenal awareness;

Adolf Hitler Essay - 935 Words

Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler changed the course of history. His childhood strongly shaped his personality. There were many deciding factors that determined the kind of person Hitler finally became. Adolfs father was Alois, an illegitimate child, his mother was Marie Schickulgruber. Alois took his fathers name Hitler before Adolf was born. Alois was already a successful border guard when he was 18, and later became an Austrian customs official. He retired in 1849 after 40 years of service. He was 58 and retired early because of bad health. After he retired he bought a nine acre farm near the small town of Hafeld. His dream was to live a country life, but the farm took much more work than he expected.†¦show more content†¦He was jailed twice for theft and led an unhappy adult life. He lived in Paris for a while and then moved all the way to Ireland, but when Adolf became famous he moved to Berlin and opened a cafe hoping to take advantage of his brothers popularity. Adolf disliked him and told his friends never to mention his name. When Adolf was born his mother was afraid he would die so she gave most of her attention to him. She treated the other two kindly but never with the same affection as she treated Adolf. Adolf liked his half sister Angela much better, but his baby sister Paula was his closest sibling. Paula too charge of his household, and remained faithful even after he became famous. Adolf was born in 1889 in Brounan, Austria, a small city on the German border. When Adolf was young, he took singing lessons and sang in the choir in a Benedictine monastery. Adolf did very well in elementary school until he became interested in art. As soon as he saw all the attention he could get from drawing he immediately began drawing pictures of castles and landscapes that amazed his peers. Much to his fathers disappointment he decided to pursue a career in art instead of following in his fathers footsteps. Since he did his drawing in class his school work suffered. Hitler said later on in life that he did bad in school so his father would let him pursue his career in art. At this timeShow MoreRelatedAdolf Hitler 794 Words   |  4 Pageshorrible attempt to annihilate certain races and religions was all brought upon by one man, Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler took power in 1833 and immediately started his plan to exterminate the Jews. Hitler had the Nazi party behind him and eventually thousands of soldiers to help him invade the many countries for living Jews. He held rallies where he had speeches to his followers and had what is called the Hitler Youth Movement that teaches the youth on what only the Nazi’s racial and political influenceRead MoreAdolf Hitler1820 Words   |  8 PagesAdolf Hitler â€Å"The one who does not remember history is bound to live through it again† –George Santayana Adolf Hitler is known for having the greatest impact on Europe in all of history, especially Germany. Although the majority of people look down on him for his mass murder of about 6 million Jews in a short time period, his story of influence on a whole country is incredible. He started out as a boy from a little town in Austria with nothing more than a paintbrush and a dream; a dream to becomeRead MoreEssay on Adolf Hitler1412 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler â€Å"Germany will either be a world power or will not be at all.† (Hitler 137) Hitler was driven by his hunger for power, causing the death of millions of innocent people. No one could have known the dramatic effect this man would soon have on the world. Adolf Hitler’s life began in Austria on April 20, 1889. Born at the Braunqu-am-inn. Hitler had four siblings Gustav Hitler, Ida Hitler, Paula Hitler, and Edmund Hitler. Gustav and Ida Hitler died in their infancy, while his brotherRead More Adolf Hitler Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler When most people think of Adolf Hitler, they think of a cruel person who killed many innocent Jews. The majority of people do not think of Hitler as the type of guy who would write plays and librettos for operas. Let alone do they think of him as the type of person who loved to read Westerns and play cowboys and Indians as a kid. Was Adolf Hitler a bad leader? Was there a side of Adolf Hitler that the world did not see? Hitler’s life impacted the world in many waysRead MoreThe Rise Of Adolf Hitler1457 Words   |  6 Pagespeople who have elected them. The rise of Dictator Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Nazi Germany would prove to be an event in history that was totally inexplicable in any terms. He was an adventurer who desired to conquer the German people and dominate the entire world, reshaping it accordingly to his desires and pleasures. The evidence of his pestiferous acrimony is all around us, making it quite difficult to believe he did it all on his own. Hitler is one who emerges from obscurity to shake the worldRead MoreAdolf Hitler Essay12 77 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler 1889 - 1920 Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in the small Austrian village of Braunau Am Inn. Hitler would one day lead a movement which would leave its mark in history. To understand him better, we must study his early life and roots. Family Information ================== Hitlers father, Alois was born in 1837. He was the son of Maria Anna Schicklgruber whose mate was unknown, but could have been Jewish. When Alois HitlerRead MoreAdolf Hitler Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler was one of the most feared and cruel men in world history, but how did he come to power? Hitler was one out of a few men to be feared by thousands of people. Hilter was responsible for killing millions of innocent people, mostly of the Jewish religion. He was the chancellor of Germany for 12 years and the leader of the Nazi party. He was a very important person in history, most notably during World War II. When Hitler was young he moved to a town named Vienna, this is where he acquiredRead MoreAdolf Hitler Essays1302 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler Hitler. The name says it all. He is said to be the incarnation of absolute evil. The devil himself. There have many dictators in the twentieth century that were considered harsh dictators; Mussolini,Stalin, Saddam Hussein, but no one like Adolf Hitler. Hitler’s rule over Germany had a major impact on history and the entire world. Adolf Hitler held the most powerful and cruelest dictatorship of the 20th century. Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889 in the small Austrian villageRead MoreEssay on Adolf Hitler1159 Words   |  5 PagesAdolf Hitler Adolf Hitler was born to Alois and Klara Hitler on April 20th, 1889. His childhood was unhappy, but not totally miserable. His father wanted him to be a civil servant, but Adolf wanted to become a painter. Hitler did well in Elementary school, but later on he failed miserably, which he blamed his teachers for. His father died in 1903, and Adolf dropped out of school two years later. In Mein Kampf (My Struggle), the autobiography Hitler dictated while in Landsberg prison in 1924Read MoreThe Impacts of Adolf Hitler1199 Words   |  5 PagesWhat impacts did Hitler have at the time and later in history? The start of World War II was one of the biggest impacts. There were many countries involved in this war. The major countries under the allies were Britain, France, U.S., Soviet Union, and under the axis also had major countries like the Germany, japan, and Italy. The Germany was at its peak. And it was all because of one man, Adolf Hitler, he was one of the most dominant German le aders in history, no doubt about that. Other great leaders

Jonathan Edwards the Great Preacher Essay - 1604 Words

He was a man whose very words struck fear into the hearts of his listeners. Acknowledged as one of the most powerful religious speakers of the era, he spearheaded the Great Awakening. â€Å"This was a time when the intense fervor of the first Puritans had subsided somewhat† (Heyrmen 1) due to a resurgence of religious zeal (Stein 1) in colonists through faith rather than predestination. Jonathan Edwards however sought to arouse the religious intensity of the colonists (Edwards 1) through his preaching. But how and why was Edwards so successful? What influenced him? How did he use diction and symbolism to persuade his listener, and what was the reaction to his teachings? In order to understand these questions one must look at his life and works†¦show more content†¦Edwards was influenced by â€Å"Locke’s ‘Essay Concerning Human Understanding’†(1717) which said that for an individual to truly experience the word of god he must â€Å"possess empirical knowledge, that is experience it firsthand, which contrasted with Calvinism’s idea of predestination† (1). Locke’s essay had a great impact on Edwards because it made him realize that when he gives sermons, his listeners should experience firsthand the message of God by making his audience more in tune with their spiritual selves. At Yale he was also interested in the workings of the human mind (1). His foray into the human mind would help him in life to manipulate others to listen to his message. Overall his childhood and early years would help Edwards persuade others to listen to his message. He does this well with his brilliant use of persuasive language to manipulate the emotions and thoughts of others. Edward’s is able to persuade his listeners to follow his doctrine by manipulating their emotions and thoughts while they listen to his sermon. In his speeches â€Å"Edwards evoked vivid, terrifying images of the utter corruption of human nature† (Heyrmen 1) which terrified his listeners and made them receptive to the message he was preaching. One particular development can be found in a letter from 1743 that Edwards himself wrote to Thomas Prince a Boston preacher. The letter describes Edwards’s attempts at preaching to groups of young listener’s. Two young men were so overcome with hisShow MoreRelatedEssay On Jonathan Edwards1291 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Edwards his sermons and works Prospectus draft HIUS 435-D01 August 4, 2017 Joel Leviten Jonathan Edwards was born October 5th, 1703 in East Windsor Connecticut, he was the son of Timothy Edwards who was also a preacher. Jonathan Edwards was a preacher, philosopher, and a Protestant Theologian. Jonathan Edwards was known as the most important and one of the original philosophical theologians of all times. In my Prospectus paper, I will be discussing the sermons andRead MoreThe First Great Awakening And The Age Of Enlightenment1663 Words   |  7 Pageshuman reason and depend solely on biblical revelation. During the eighteenth century, a great movement known as the First Great Awakening swept through Protestant Europe and America, leaving a permanent impact on Protestantism. Furthermore, during the First Great Awakening, American colonists gained a deeper sense of personal revelation through the salvation of Jesus Christ. Unlike the Age of Enlightenment, the Great Awakening introduced Christianity into the American colonies as well as reshaping manyRead MoreJonath an Edwards And The Great Awakening1080 Words   |  5 Pages1730s and 40s, preachers such as George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards sparked a religious shift and revitalisation known as the Great Awakening. Edwards, influenced by enlightenment thinkers Berkeley and Locke, pioneered ideas and practices that would reshape the protestant church and American society. Jonathan Edwards transformed the religious and ideological landscape of the American public because of his large scale influence and role in the Great Awakening. Jonathan Edwards had a large scaleRead MoreThe Great Awakening By Jonathan Edwards And George Whitefield Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Edwards and George Whitefield had an indirect impact on the American Revolution due the Great Awakening. The Great Awakening was a revival of a person’s personal spirituality sparked by Whitefield and Edwards; which de-emphasized the church. The revolution preached similar messages regarding criticism and tensions of authority. Without these two men, the American Revolution would not have happened as early as it did, if it all. 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International Human resource Management The Traditional Theories

Question: Describe about the International Human resource Management for The Traditional Theories. Answer: The traditional theories of Human resource Management suggest that HRM is a support function and not a business function because it does not generate revenue. However, in recent times the multinational organizations have realized the importance and strategic nature of Human Resource Management function. It is important that the strategies and policies around human resource management function should be linked with the overall business level strategy of organizations. In recent times, the large and multinational organizations have been practicing the HRM function in an integrated manner. In the current business environment, organizations have started to focus on the integration of HRM with Information Technology. Many functions carried out by the HR department have now been made electronic and people are becoming more comfortable to use them in interacting with the business. Technology advancements have allowed the jobs that HR has to perform to become more streamlined. The role of HR M in multinational organization is definitely working in conjunction with the company's strategy. The objective of this essay is to analyze and discuss the importance and challenges of integrating the International HRM function and the organizational strategy for the large and multinational organizations (Nankervis, 2011). The initial research suggests that the importance of integrating HR strategies is the overall improvement in the productivity level of employees. The large and multinational organizations have realized that the productivity, innovation and commitment level of employees are the drivers of competitive advantage. Therefore, multinational organizations want to have high level of integration between HR strategies and business level strategies so that organizations can have overall productivity improvement. The HRM function could be complicated in the multinational organizations because the HR executives of multinational firms would have to manage to employees from different cultural and backgrounds. For example, the HR policies of Microsoft cover the employees across multiple countries. The HR managers have to modify the HR strategies for different regions. Therefore, it is important that the HR strategies should derive from the business level strategies of organizations. At a high level, the multinational organizations can have the business level strategy of cost leadership of differentiation. The HR managers of multinational organizations have to manage the cross functional teams. Daft (2013) described cross-functional teams as being comprised of employees of similar rank. These employees often come from different functions of the company. One of the primary concerns when working with cross-functional teams is finding a balance and common ground to build off of between the different concerns and perspectives from each function. The most productive way to address the challenge of leading and working with cross-functional teams is to continue to reiterate that the overall goal is everyone's responsibility and not just a particular part of the team. Also, it is important to validate the concerns and input of each functioning part of the team in an effort to not stop growth and team cohesion. The work of HR managers is particularly difficult in multinational organizations because HR managers also have to manage the team in virtual environment. Virtual teams are not necessarily more difficult to manage but they are different than managing a team that is able to meet at a specific time and physical location. The distinctions of managing these teams can be learned and implemented successfully (Lepsinger DeRosa, 2015). The tools to enable this success are multiplying as it becomes easier to share documents in the cloud, post videos online, and set up virtual workspace s. According to (Farnham 2010 pp3), to be effective in the competitive business world today HR professionals need to have full knowledge of the external contexts (STEEPLE) in which their company operates and the driving force behind the changes facing it. The HR professionals can have the complete knowledge of external factors only when they have a deep understanding of the overall business strategy of organization. The level of competition in an industry has an influence on a companys ability to find qualified workers because in most cases the big companies because of their branding power or reputation need not advertise their vacancies because the candidates seeks them out, therefore the HR has to develop programs and incentives to attract new employees as well s retain key employees. For example, Deloitte an international consultancy firm assist organizations strengthen their strategic objectives by placing HR functions at the forefront of the business strategies. Deloitte has a ten- step approach divided into three categories; namely, defining human capital value; alignment of HR products and services; and value delivery (Deloitte, 2009). One of the greatest challenges of operationalizing strategy across various business functions is creating and sustaining the synergy that is needed to have an organization that function efficiently. As companies realign the structure of the organization to be more market-oriented and responsive to changing customer requirements and competitive conditions, there is a greater need to share information across functional groups and organizational boundaries (Hunt Speh. 2007).Challenges can change depending on the circumstance. When the strategy is well received and individuals see benefits for not only the organization but for them, change can be welcomed and implemented rather quickly. It would be correct to say that HR mangers should change the focus of Human Resource Management function from a reactive function to a proactive function. The greatest challenge of operationalizing strategy across various business functions are convincing employees that change is needed.Change for most isnt an easy task. The challenge is convincing people to change when they feel that there is no change needed. Basically its about the art of persuasion. So appealing to the heart is the best way to implement change (Fujimoto, 2007). The most challenging part of implementing and integrated human resource management strategy is the human aspect. How workers will accept their role, how they will evolve, how to keep the organization balanced with a healthy work environment and productivity. People are resistant to change and strong leaders with a good vision and communication skills are needed to lead effectively. The greatest challenge of operationalizing and an integrated HRM strategy across business functions is execution. Managers can guide their teams towards the strategic plan, but most of the time provides little leadership or feedback on how to get there (Mathews, 2016). Thus, without effective leadership, the strategic plan will fail (Daft, 2013). Ways in which to effectively operationalize strategy across business functions can be achieved in the following ways: Planning- Identify key areas of the business that need to be tackled. Strategic initiatives should focus on products/services for profitability and sustaining growth (Mathews, 2016). Transform strategy into tactical- Effective business plans target key areas that will steer the organization in the direction it wants to go and contains the tactical steps on how to achieve the goal. Unfortunately, this is where things can get muddled and companies fail to produce (Mathews, 2016). A successful business plan will identify which strategies will result in profitability, identify who will be responsible, which departments will execute on the plan and how to get there (Mathews, 2016). Team Approach-Successful strategic plans are well communicated throughout cross-functional teams. Although most strategic planning is done at a senior level, heads of different departments are accountable for communicating the plan throughout their teams and establishing steps on how to achieve the goals. Establish benchmarks-Establishing benchmarks and timetables assists with ensuring the strategic plan is carried out and communicating often is key to success (Mathews, 2016). Benchmarks helps to transform the goal into small steps that are achievable in everyday tasks. Monitoring progress-Strategic plans can be overwhelming at best when looked at in its entirety. By breaking down the strategic plan into manageable steps, can help people stay focused and on target. The tactical execution should be communicated often, celebrating milestones when benchmarks are met along the way to help keep people motivated and working towards the strategic goal. Although challenging, the leader still has a responsibility to honor stakeholders concerns even though emotions are tied to feeling of change. They just have to figure out the most strategic way to implement changes that will be the most effective way, otherwise they will fail. They must understand that in order to grow, you must respond to the needs of your employees, otherwise they are less likely to be as productive.Also, there will some resistance. Whenever there is change, there are people who are going to be resistant. Most people understand that in order to improve, there must be change, however there are always a small group of people that are resistant to change because they dont do well with a changing system (Corbridge, 2010).The most important thing is to have structure, and include youre employees in so that they will feel part of the process. Once you have the majority of employees accepting changes in the system, then others will likely follow.It would be correct to sa y that the organizational leaders should be able to implement the HRM strategies in an effective manner. According to Daft (2016) there is no value in the most creative HRM strategy if it cannot be translated into action. Implementing IHRM strategy is the most important, but also the most difficult part of strategy. The greatest challenge is related to the inability of people to adopt new behaviors. Dekhane (2014) stated that several studies have confirmed that poor strategy implementation is the number one reason strategies are not successful and thatless than10% of all business strategies are effectively implemented. This emphasizes the point that the poor output of the strategy may well be a result of the poor implementation, and not necessarily the strategy itself. There are many factors that make operationalizing IHRM strategy difficult. First and foremost, change involves people, and many different kinds of people with different values, goals and fears. Attempting to create anything new will always be difficult because someone will be negatively affected by the change, or will per ceive a negative threat. Resistance will look different depending on the situation, what change is being affected and who will be affected. Leaders must be able to assess the situation and determine how to best move forward (Scott, 2012). Having a variety of plans will assist the leader in successfully implementing products or larger scale cultural changes. Understanding the reason or the resistance will help determine which implementation plan would be most useful.Successful change and innovation also requires a great deal of teamwork and creativity. These are two qualities that leaders should look for in new hires but something that is also fostered at the work place. To create or implement new products, training or strategies, the teams must work collaboratively and identifying roles and encouraging cross participation can foster this. The roles are inventor, champion, critic and sponsor. Daft (2013) explains that products that are successful almost always had champion, someone w ho believed whole-heartedly in the products and was willing to fight for it. It is important to look at all sides though to ensure a product isnt being allocated too many resources and will be flop, so having a critic is crucial as well. The leader can do a variety of things to lessen the resistance but the challenge will always be there. For example, these five tactics can be utilized to lessen the resistance of employees by educating/training, brining them in a participatory nature, negotiating, using cohesion (only in emergency situations) and obtaining top management support (Daft, 2013). Communication is essential and even though all the details may not be available from the get go, there remains the ability to enlighten people as to the reasoning behind why there are plans in the works and how those plans will impact not only the organization, but also how they will impact the individuals involved (Holland, 2006). By including members from numerous departments during the early stages, will be invaluable in getting their input on issues. By developing surveys, focus groups, town hall meetings, all members of an organization can feel involved and meaningful in the process. These shows that they are valued members, and that their thoughts and contributions matter. References Deliotte (2009)Creating value through HR: HR StrategySweden. [Accessed on the 08thSeptember, 2015]https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/human-capital/creating-value-through-hr.pdf Farnham D., 2010. Human resources management in context. 3rded. Hutt, M. D., Speh, T. s. (2007). Undergraduate Education: The Implications of Cross-Functional Relationship in Business Marketing-The Skills of High-Performing Managers. Journal Of Business-To-Business Marketing, 14(1), 75-94. doi:10.1300/J033v14n01ÃÅ'Â ±08 Hartel, C.E.J., Fujimoto, Y., Strybosch, V.E., Fitzpatrick, K (2007). Human Resource Management Transforming Theory into Innovative Practice. Australia: Pearson Nankervis, A, Compton, R Baird, M (2011), Human resource management: Strategies processes, 7th edn, Thomson,Victoria. Pilbeam, S. Corbridge, M. (2010)People Resourcing And Talent Planning: HRM in Practice. 4th Ed. Financial Times Prentice Hall Lepsinger, R., DeRosa, D. (2015). How to Lead an Effective Virtual Team. Ivey Business Journal, 2-6. Mathews, J. (2016). Operationalizing Your Strategic Plan. Retrieved from https://graycatenterprises.com/operationalizing-strategic-plan/ Murphy, M. (2016). The Tug of War Between CHANGE RESISTANCE. Educational Leadership, 73(9), 66. Scott, A. (2012) "Don't Confuse Passion with Competence" Hardvard Business Reviewhttps://hbr.org/2012/02/dont-confuse-passion-with-comp/ (Accessed 09 August 2016) Teicher, J., Holland, P., and Gough. R. (Eds.), (2006). Employee Relations Management, Second Edition. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Prentice-Hall.